Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis - SAC
What is SAC?
SAC is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens produced around spring and summer each year. This includes pollen from grass and trees amongst other things like weed spores. Mast cell degranulation in the conjunctivae in the eye releases histamine and other inflammatory mediators into the surrounding tissue and tears.
What are the signs and symptoms?
The release of these mediators causes dilation of the blood vessels and hence permeability. This makes the eye look pink and the increased fluid causes oedema of the tissues surrounding the eyeball. The main symptom is itching and watery eyes. It can also cause sneezing and a runny nose.
Who is at risk from this?
People of an Atopic disposition and have a family history of allergies are more at risk. Those with an allergic history already such as eczema, asthma, hay fever, food or drug allergies are more at risk. Also, those who work in environments where they are exposed to the allergens.
How is it treated?
An oral antihistamine is often already taken by people suffering from this condition. Drops can be taken during the season daily, that mitigate for the allergens such as Sodium Cromoglicate (Mast Cell Stabiliser). Antihistamine drops can also be used and a combination of antihistamine and mast cell inhibitor – Olapatadine. Ocular lubricants can help with comfort and cold compresses on the eyes also give a fair degree of relief. It is best not to rub the eyes.
Reference: COptom CMG’s
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